Satem languages: Avesta, Kurdish, Lithuanian, Sanskrit, Old Church Slavonic (OCS), Pashto and Persian etc. Centum languages: Latin, Greek, Old Irish (OIR), Gothic, Hittite, and Tokharian etc.
Centum is the ancient word for “one hundred” (centum) in Latin and Satem is the ancient word for “one hundred” (satǝm) in Avestan. A branch of the southeastern Satem dialect – Proto-Indo-Iranian – expands from Ukraine and the steppes into Afghanistan, Iran, Kurdistan and into India. One tribe the Mittani (proto Kurds) goes as far west as northern Mesopotamia and Anatolia. The well-established cultures influence the newcomers greatly, but the Proto-Indo-Iranians of the steppes maintain their language. Below table compares numbers of some Satem and Centum languages.
| Number | Kurdish | Avestan | Sanskrit | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yek | aēuua | éka | ūnus | one |
| 2 | du, do | duua | dvá | duo | two |
| 3 | sê, hre | tišr, θraii | trí | trēs | three |
| 4 | çar | catur, cataŋra | catúr | quattuor | four |
| 5 | penc | paṇca | páñca | quīnque | five |
| 6 | şeş | xšuuaš | sas | sex | six |
| 7 | heft | hapta | saptá | septem | seven |
| 8 | heşt | ašta | astá | octō | eight |
| 9 | neh | nauua | náva | novem | nine |
| 10 | deh | dasa | dáça | decem | ten |
| 11 | yazde(h), yanzdeh | ūndecim | eleven | ||
| 12 | duwazde(h) | duodēcim | twelve | ||
| 13 | sêzde(h) | trēdecim | thirteen | ||
| 14 | çarde(h) | quattuordecim | fourteen | ||
| 15 | pazde(h) | quīndecim | fifteen | ||
| 16 | şêzde(h) | sēdecim | sixteen | ||
| 17 | hivde(h) | septendecim | seventeen | ||
| 18 | hijde(h) | duodēvīgintī | eighteen | ||
| 19 | nozde(h) | ūndēvīgintī | nineteen | ||
| 20 | bîst | vīsaiti | vimshatihi | vīgintī | twenty |
| 30 | sî | trimsati | trīgintā | thirty | |
| 40 | çil | catvarimsati | quadrāgintā | fourty | |
| 50 | pêncî | pancasat | quīnquāgintā | fifty | |
| 60 | şêst | sasti | sexāgintā | sixty | |
| 70 | heftê | sapti | septuāgintā | seventy | |
| 80 | heştê | asiti | octōgintā | eighty | |
| 90 | not, nod | navati | nōnāgintā | ninety | |
| 100 | sed | sata, satǝm | satam | centum | hundred |
| 1000 | hezar | hazangra | sa-hasra | mīlle | thousand |
| 10,000 | deh hezar | baêvare | dasasahasra | ten thousand | |
| 100,000 | sed hezar | satasahasra / lak | hundred thousand | ||
| 1,000,000 | milyon | prayuta | million |
Centum and Satem Language Tree
